The series is complemented by research and interactive digital platforms that inform the difficult choices and tradeoffs Asia faces in tackling the triple planetary crises of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution.

Asia is considered the region most impacted by climate change. Are government and business leaders acting quickly enough to mitigate the risks? What is the role of Climate Justice in accelerating solutions? In this episode, we will unpack the issue of Climate Justice in Asia and its nexus with Business and Human Rights. What is Climate Justice? Can climate justice lead to concrete actions from governments and businesses? Can we hold businesses accountable in Asia for its adverse impacts on climate change? What is the view of Asia’s Youth?

The impact of climate change on people and planet is leading to increased demands for governments and business to take action. At play are difficult policy choices that may involve painful trade-offs between short term and long term growth, sustainability and recovery. Are current approaches up to the task? Do we even have the right language to articulate the challenges? What role can the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights play in framing solutions?

With the UNGA and HRC recognising the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment, demands for greater business engagement on sustainable practices are growing stronger. But are businesses doing enough to meet an accelerated timetable for action? What more needs to be done to move business and finance professionals in the right direction?

In this episode, we will ask what difference can climate justice make? Is litigation the answer? Are national human rights institutions making an impact? What are the demands from Youth? In this second episode on climate justice, we engage champions from the Philippines and Thailand for the answers.

 
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References

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4 https://hadleyserver.metoffice.gov.uk/wmolc/WMO_GADCU_2022-2026.pdf

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6 “UN General Assembly adopts landmark resolution on right to a healthy environment,” Clifford Chance blog, 2 August 2022,
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7 UNFCCC, 2022, “Draft text on COP27 overarching decision”,
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10 IPCC, 2022 “Fact Sheet - Asia”.
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16 Global Energy Monitor, 2022, “Global Coal Plant Tracker”.

17 Economist Intelligence Unit. 2022. “Asia's energy transition: a tough balancing act”
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18 Ravikumar, S. & Das, K. N., 2020. “Pollution deaths in India rose to 1.67 million in 2019 -Lancet” Reuters,
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25 Estrada, B. N.D., “Working on a warmer planet: The impact of heat stress on labour productivity and decent work”, ILO.
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26 Romanello, M. et al. 2021, “The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future”, The Lancet, 398(10311):1619-1662.
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27 Estrada, B., 2019, “Working on a warmer planet: The impact of heat stress on labour productivity and decent work”.
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28 Nichols, W., 2021, “Asian Cities in Eye of Environmental Storm - Global Ranking”, Maplecroft,
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29 Greenpeace, 2021, “The Projected Economic Impact of Extreme Sea-Level Rise in Seven Asian Cities in 2030”,
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30 Judd, J. & Jackson, L., 2021, “DP 43: Repeat, Repair or Renegotiate? The Post-COVID Future of the Apparel Industry”. Better Work.
https://betterwork.org/portfolio/dp-43-repeat-repair-or-renegotiate-the-post-covid-future-of-the-apparel-industry/

31 See also Setzer, J. & Higham, C., 2022, “Global trends in climate change litigation”, London School of Economics,
https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Global- trends-in-climate-change-litigation-2022-snapshot.pdf.

32 Asian Development Bank, 2020, “Climate Change, Coming Soon to a Court Near You”,
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/659631/climate-litigation-asia-pacific.pdf

33 “Parliament adopts new law to fight global deforestation | News | European Parliament.” 2023. European Parliament.
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20230414IPR80129/parliament-adopts-new-law-to-fight-global-deforestation.

34 Bouro, K., 2022, “Australia: Groundbreaking decision creates pathway for climate justice on Torres Strait Islands.” UN News.
https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1127761.

35 Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, 2020, “Renewable Energy & Human Rights Benchmark”
https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/from-us/briefings/renewable-energy-human-rights-benchmark/.

36 Hiebert, M., 2021, "Upstream Dams Threaten the Economy and the Security of the Mekong Region", ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute,
https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/iseas-perspective/2021-34-upstream-dams-threaten-the-economy-and-the-security-of-the-mekong-region-by-murray-hiebert/.

37Vera, S. De., 2022, “Dam projects to swallow sacred grounds of Cordillera’s river people”, Rappler.

38 Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, 2021, “The Anatomy of A Solar Land Grab”,
https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/documents/azure-power_mikir-bamuni-grant_ffc_report_compressed.pdf.

39 Rahman, A., 2022, “Bangladesh didn't promise vet zero Emissions by 2050”, The Daily Star.
https://www.thedailystar.net/environment/natural-resources/energy/news/bangladesh-didnt-promise-net-zero-emissions-2050-3062886.

40 Frangoul, A., 2020, “President Xi tells UN that China will be 'carbon neutral' within four decades”, CNBC,
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41 “China” n.d., Climate Action Tracker, Accessed January 5, 2023,
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42 https://www.efchina.org/Blog-en/blog-20220905-en

43 SEBI. n.d. “Business Responsibility & Sustainability Reporting Format”.
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44 Allen & Gledhill, 2022, “SGX mandates climate and board diversity disclosures”.
https://www.allenandgledhill.com/sg/perspectives/articles/19997/sgkh-sgx-mandates-climate-and-board-diversity-disclosures

45 “Will India become a green superpower?” The Economist, 20 October 2022.
https://www.economist.com/briefing/2022/10/20/will-india-become-a-green-superpower.

46Ibid.

47 Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, 2022, “Human rights defenders under sustained attack in fight to protect our planet, new data reveals”
https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/from-us/media-centre/human-rights-defenders-under-sustained-attack-in-fight-to-protect-our-planet-new-data-reveals/

48 Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders (an FIDH-OMCT partnership), Protection International (PI), and the Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development (APWLD), 2021, “IN HARM’S WAY Women human rights defenders in Thailand”,
https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/thailand_report_-_in_harm_s_way_-_women_human_rights_defenders_in_thailand.pdf

49 ITUC GRI - Asia-Pacific. 2022. Global Rights Index.
https://www.globalrightsindex.org/en/2022/regions/asia-pacific.

50 IMF, N.D., “Data Home Page”,
https://data.imf.org

51 Economist Intelligence Unit, 2022, “Asia's energy transition: a tough balancing act”,
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52 Tracking SDG 7 | The Energy Progress Report,
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53 International Energy Agency (IEA), n.d., “SDG7: Data and Projections – Access to clean cooking”,
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54 Economist Impact, 2022, “Accelerating the energy transition.”
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55 CFA Institute, 2019, “ESG Disclosures in Asia Pacific”,
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56 IMF, 2019, “Financial Inclusion of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Middle East and Central Asia”
https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/DP/2019/English/FISFMECAEA.ashx

57 ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, 2020, “The Missing (Small) Businesses of Southeast Asia”
https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ISEAS_Perspective_2020_79.pdf

58 Asian Development Bank, 2021, “Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor Volume 1: Country and Regional Reviews”,
https://data.adb.org/dataset/asia-small-and-medium-sized-enterprise-monitor-2021-volume-1-country-and-regional-reviews

59 Asian Development Bank, 2021, “Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor Volume 1: Country and Regional Reviews”
https://data.adb.org/dataset/asia-small-and-medium-sized-enterprise-monitor-2021-volume-1-country-and-regional-reviews

60 Bosio, E & Djankov, S., 2020, “How large is public procurement?” World Bank Blogs.
https://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/how-large-public-procurement.

61 Halonen, K. M., 2021, “Is public procurement fit for reaching sustainability goals? A law and economics approach to green public procurement”, Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 28(4), 535–555.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X211016756; NYU Stern. 2019. “Sustainable Procurement Barometer 2019.”
https://www.stern.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2019-sustainable-procurement-barometer-from-compliance-to-performance.pdf.

62 Sapir, A., Schraepen, T., & Tagliapietra, S., 2022, “Green Public Procurement: A Neglected Tool in the European Green Deal Toolbox?” Intereconomics,
https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2022/number/3/article/green-public-procurement-a-neglected-tool-in-the-european-green-deal-toolbox.html.

63 “Helsinki Principles | Coalition of Finance Ministers.” n.d. Coalition of Finance Ministers for Climate Action.
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64 Kuruvilla, S., et al, 2020, “Field opacity and practice-outcome decoupling: private regulation of labour standards in global supply chains”, Industrial and Labour Relations Review, 73(4):841-872.

65 Filho, W. L., et al, 2022, “An overview of the contribution of the textiles sector to climate change”
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.973102

66 International Labour Organisation, 2021, “Moving the needle: Gender equality and decent work in Asia’s garment sector Regional Road Map”,
https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/genericdocument/wcms_793065.pdf

67 Judd, J. & Jackson, L., 2021, “DP 43: Repeat, Repair or Renegotiate? The Post-COVID Future of the Apparel Industry”. Better Work.
https://betterwork.org/portfolio/dp-43-repeat-repair-or-renegotiate-the-post-covid-future-of-the-apparel-industry/

68 deLaHamaide, Sybille, and Krishna C. Eluri. 2022. “EU palm oil use and imports seen plummeting by 2032.” Reuters.
https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/eu-palm-oil-use-imports-seen-plummeting-by-2032-2022-12-08/.

69 Ibid.

70 Mars, Inc., 2020, “Mars Palm Positive Plan Delivers Deforestation-Free Palm Oil Supply Chain”
https://www.mars.com/news-and-stories/press-releases/mars-palm-positive-plan.

71 “Sime Darby Plantation.” Sustainable Palm Oil Choice.
https://www.sustainablepalmoilchoice.eu/participant/sime-darby-plantation/

72 Ho, S., 2022, “RSPO chief on why it pushed oil palm giant Sime Darby to submit 'action plan' on alleged labour violations,” Eco-Business.com.
https://www.eco-business.com/news/rspo-chief-on-why-it-pushed-oil-palm-giant-sime-darby-to-submit-action-plan-on-alleged-labour-violations/

73 IEA, 2021, “Critical minerals – Topics”,
https://www.iea.org/topics/critical-minerals.

74 Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, n.d., “Transition Minerals Tracker”,
https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/from-us/transition-minerals-tracker/.

75 Skidmore, Z., 2021, “How scope 3 emissions pose the biggest threat to net-zero ambitions”, Mining Technology, 27 September 2021,
https://www.mining-technology.com/features/cop26-scope3-net-zero/.

76 Fernandez, H., and Albay, R., 2022, “New mines, old problems - Special report on mining energy transition metals in Southeast Asia | News”, Eco-Business.com.
https://www.eco-business.com/news/new-mines-old-problems-special-report-on-mining-energy-transition-metals-in-southeast-asia/.

77 Walsh, B., Van der Plank, S., Behrens, P., 2017, “The effect of community consultation on perceptions of a proposed mine: A case study from southeast Australia”
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301420716301660

78 White & Case LLP, 2022, “Supreme Court of Justice withdraws mining concessions for lack of community consultations.”
https://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/supreme-court-justice-withdraws-mining-concessions-lack-community-consultations.

79 United Nations General Assembly Human Rights Council, 2022, “Regional consultation on the rights of Indigenous Peoples in Asia.”
https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G20/193/69/PDF/G2019369.pdf?OpenElement.